{"id":622,"date":"2022-12-15T13:47:28","date_gmt":"2022-12-15T13:47:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/perioperative1002.slc-courses.ca\/?p=622"},"modified":"2023-05-01T17:38:44","modified_gmt":"2023-05-01T17:38:44","slug":"module-5-h-x-ray-safety","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/perioperative1002.slc-courses.ca\/?p=622","title":{"rendered":"Module 5: H. X-Ray Safety"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-container-3 wp-block-columns\">\n<div class=\"wp-container-1 wp-block-column\">\n<h2>X-Ray Safety<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\n  The number of surgical procedures which use diagnostic imaging intraoperatively continues to grow. While this piece of equipment can provide valuable information, it does place perioperative personnel at risk for radiation exposure. It is important to understand key radiation safety concepts when working with imaging equipment.\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h5>Types of Radiation<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>   The type of radiation that health care workers are exposed to when using X-rays is Ionizing radiation:<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-24\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"24\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"Module 5: Types of Radiation\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\n  (Smith, 2019)\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-container-2 wp-block-column\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignfull\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1440\" src=\"https:\/\/perioperative1002.slc-courses.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/word-image-473-28.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-506\" srcset=\"https:\/\/perioperative1002.slc-courses.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/word-image-473-28.jpeg 1920w, https:\/\/perioperative1002.slc-courses.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/word-image-473-28-300x225.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/perioperative1002.slc-courses.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/word-image-473-28-1024x768.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/perioperative1002.slc-courses.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/word-image-473-28-768x576.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/perioperative1002.slc-courses.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/word-image-473-28-1536x1152.jpeg 1536w, https:\/\/perioperative1002.slc-courses.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/word-image-473-28-1200x900.jpeg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-container-6 wp-block-columns\">\n<div class=\"wp-container-4 wp-block-column\">\n<p><strong>How can this be monitored? Radiation badges.<\/strong>\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignfull\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"414\" height=\"197\" src=\"https:\/\/perioperative1002.slc-courses.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/word-image-473-29.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-507\" srcset=\"https:\/\/perioperative1002.slc-courses.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/word-image-473-29.png 414w, https:\/\/perioperative1002.slc-courses.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/word-image-473-29-300x143.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 414px) 100vw, 414px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-container-5 wp-block-column\">\n<h5>As Low As Reasonably Achievable (ALARA)<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>\n  Radiation safety operates on the guiding principle <a id=\"post-473-_Int_IKTKn274\"><\/a>of As Low As Reasonably Achievable (ALARA). This means that the radiation technologist will program the X-ray device to give the minimal amount of radiation necessary <a id=\"post-473-_Int_VUXQM8ig\"><\/a>to achieve the intended images. ALARA also notes that only necessary images should be taken to limit exposure for both patient and staff.\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>   Maximum allowable exposure: <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>\n    General workforce 5 mSv\/year\n  <\/li><li>\n    X-ray workers 50 mSv\/year\n  <\/li><\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-container-9 wp-block-columns\">\n<div class=\"wp-container-7 wp-block-column\">\n<h5>Fluoroscopy<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ol><li>     Also called Fluro   <\/li><li>     Used for real-time viewing in the OR   <\/li><li>     The amount of dosage can be changed depending on the size of the patient and the part of the body that the surgeon wants to image   <\/li><li>     Uses high voltage, X-ray energy and is <a id=\"post-473-_Int_6YGkAR5r\"><\/a>extremely focused   <\/li><li>     An example of Fluoroscopy used in the OR is the C-Arm   <\/li><\/ol>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-container-8 wp-block-column\">\n<p><strong>(Click the play button to load the 3D model. Then zoom in and out with your mouse or click and drag to see it from different angles.)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"sketchfab-embed-wrapper\"> <iframe height=\"400px\" title=\"C_Arm X-ray Machine\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"\" mozallowfullscreen=\"true\" webkitallowfullscreen=\"true\" allow=\"autoplay; fullscreen; xr-spatial-tracking\" xr-spatial-tracking=\"\" execution-while-out-of-viewport=\"\" execution-while-not-rendered=\"\" web-share=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/sketchfab.com\/models\/894371690edd4dbca50d92c2ba8ee325\/embed\"> <\/iframe> <p style=\"font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; margin: 5px; color: #4A4A4A;\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/sketchfab.com\/3d-models\/c-arm-x-ray-machine-894371690edd4dbca50d92c2ba8ee325?utm_medium=embed&amp;utm_campaign=share-popup&amp;utm_content=894371690edd4dbca50d92c2ba8ee325\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"font-weight: bold; color: #1CAAD9;\" rel=\"noopener\"> C_Arm X-ray Machine <\/a> by <a href=\"https:\/\/sketchfab.com\/giimann?utm_medium=embed&amp;utm_campaign=share-popup&amp;utm_content=894371690edd4dbca50d92c2ba8ee325\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"font-weight: bold; color: #1CAAD9;\" rel=\"noopener\"> Giimann <\/a> on <a href=\"https:\/\/sketchfab.com?utm_medium=embed&amp;utm_campaign=share-popup&amp;utm_content=894371690edd4dbca50d92c2ba8ee325\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"font-weight: bold; color: #1CAAD9;\" rel=\"noopener\">Sketchfab<\/a><\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h5>Protecting X-Ray Workers<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>   Any worker who may be exposed to more X-rays as a part of their job is considered an X-ray worker. There are 3 keyways to reduce exposure: <\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-container-13 wp-block-columns\">\n<div class=\"wp-container-10 wp-block-column\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"128\" height=\"128\" src=\"https:\/\/perioperative1002.slc-courses.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/word-image-473-31.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-509\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><p><strong>Distance: <\/strong>The farther away you are from the X-ray machine the smaller the doses of X-ray energy you receive. <\/p><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-container-11 wp-block-column\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"128\" height=\"128\" src=\"https:\/\/perioperative1002.slc-courses.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/word-image-473-32.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-510\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Time:<\/strong> The surgeon should limit the length of time that the x-ray beam is activated.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-container-12 wp-block-column\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"128\" height=\"128\" src=\"https:\/\/perioperative1002.slc-courses.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/word-image-473-33.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-511\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><p><strong>Shielding:<\/strong> Lead aprons and thyroid collars must be worn by all personnel who are working inside an X-ray room. Aprons should always be hung up properly after each use and not left in a pile or folded in half. This can crack the lead and leave weak parts. <\/p><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-container-16 wp-block-columns\">\n<div class=\"wp-container-14 wp-block-column\">\n<h5>X-Ray Safety in the OR<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ol><li>     Before imaging, the surgeon or X-ray technologist must ensure everyone in the room is protected.   <\/li><li>     The X-ray technologist must post signs at all entrances to the room stating that X-ray is in use. The circulating nurse is responsible to ensure these signs are present.   <\/li><li>     As Perioperative nurses, you control who enters and exits the operating room. Therefore, it is important that you warn people entering the room that X-ray is in use.   <\/li><\/ol>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-container-15 wp-block-column\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignfull\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"346\" height=\"337\" src=\"https:\/\/perioperative1002.slc-courses.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/word-image-473-34.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-512\" srcset=\"https:\/\/perioperative1002.slc-courses.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/word-image-473-34.png 346w, https:\/\/perioperative1002.slc-courses.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/word-image-473-34-300x292.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 346px) 100vw, 346px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h5>\ud83d\udcfd\ufe0f AORN CINE-MED VIDEO&nbsp;<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>   Navigate to the <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/cine-med.com\/aornonline\/index.php\" target=\"_blank\">AORN Cine-Med website<\/a> and make sure that you are logged in before clicking on the link below.&nbsp; <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>     Watch the AORN Cine-Med Video on: <a href=\"https:\/\/cine-med.com\/aornonline\/overview.php?cat=3&amp;id=2011\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Radiation Safety (2023)<\/a><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/cine-med.com\/aornonline\/overview.php?cat=3&amp;id=1970\" target=\"_blank\"> <\/a>Download the included Study Guide to follow along.   <\/li><li>     (Thread to follow in Cine-Med \u2013 Radiation Safety in Perioperative Practice)   <\/li><li>     Runtime \u2013 26 minutes   <\/li><\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>X-Ray Safety The number of surgical procedures which use diagnostic imaging intraoperatively continues to grow. While this piece of equipment can provide valuable information, it does place perioperative personnel at risk for radiation exposure. It is important to understand key radiation safety concepts when working with imaging equipment. Types of Radiation The type of radiation [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"templates\/template-content.php","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[14],"tags":[],"wf_post_folders":[7],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/perioperative1002.slc-courses.ca\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/622"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/perioperative1002.slc-courses.ca\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/perioperative1002.slc-courses.ca\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/perioperative1002.slc-courses.ca\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/perioperative1002.slc-courses.ca\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=622"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/perioperative1002.slc-courses.ca\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/622\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":778,"href":"https:\/\/perioperative1002.slc-courses.ca\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/622\/revisions\/778"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/perioperative1002.slc-courses.ca\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=622"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/perioperative1002.slc-courses.ca\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=622"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/perioperative1002.slc-courses.ca\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=622"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/perioperative1002.slc-courses.ca\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fwf_post_folders&post=622"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}